MC Number vs. DOT Number: Key Differences Explained

If you’re looking to start a trucking business, you’ve probably come across two critical terms: Motor Carrier (MC) number and Department of Transportation (DOT) number. Many new carriers get stuck trying to figure out which one they need.

“Do I need both DOT and MC numbers?” Maybe. 

Here’s the deal:

• A DOT number is a tracking system for the FMCSA to monitor safety and compliance.
• An MC number is a trucking authority that allows you to haul goods for hire across state lines.
• Some businesses need both; others only need one.

There’s no better time to enter the trucking industry, with truck tonnage expected to grow from 11.27 billion tons in 2024 to nearly 14 billion tons by 2035, according to Trucking.org.  But before you do, let’s break down the difference between DOT and MC numbers so you can stay compliant and get on the road legally.

What is a DOT Number?

A DOT number is like your company’s trucking fingerprint. The FMCSA uses it to track safety records, compliance history, accident reports, and inspections.

Who Needs a DOT Number?

If you operate a commercial vehicle in interstate commerce, you must have a DOT number. However, 39 states also require a DOT number for businesses operating strictly within state borders.

You need a DOT number if you:

• Transport cargo or passengers for hire.
• Operate a vehicle weighing 10,001 lbs. or more.
• Haul hazardous materials requiring placarding.

DOT Number Requirements for Different Business Types

Different types of businesses must register for a DOT number under federal or state DOT compliance:

• Freight carriers (trucking companies) – Required for all interstate transportation
• Freight brokers – May need one if actively handling freight
• Bus and passenger carriers – Required if transporting nine or more passengers
• Hazmat haulers – Mandatory due to dangerous goods regulations

If you're wondering, “who needs a DOT number?” the answer is: most trucking businesses.

What is an MC Number?

While a DOT number tracks safety compliance, an MC number grants legal authority to transport goods across state lines for hire. If you’re an independent owner-operator or launching your own trucking authority, it’s a must-have – and now’s the time to investigate the MC number requirements. 

Purpose of an MC Number in Interstate Commerce

The MC number is your operating authority issued by the FMCSA. While a DOT number is an identifier, an MC number legally allows you to get paid for hauling cargo across state lines.

If your fleet remains within one state but you’re working as a for-hire carrier, you might only need a DOT number. However, if you cross state lines, you need an MC number.

How MC Numbers Impact Freight Operations

This is where things get serious: having the wrong authority can cost you thousands in fines. Without an MC number, you cannot legally haul goods across state borders for hire (unless exempt). That means:

• You legally can’t take most interstate loads.
• Brokers won’t work with you unless you have the right authority.
• DOT inspections could result in major fines or impoundment.

Key Differences Between DOT and MC Numbers

What are the differences between DOT and MC numbers? Let’s investigate.

Regulatory Differences Between DOT and MC Numbers

The regulatory differences between DOT and MC numbers include the following:

• A DOT number is mandatory for most commercial carriers.
• An MC number is required for for-hire carriers operating interstate.
• DOT numbers are used to track safety compliance.
• MC numbers determine whether a carrier has the legal authority to haul freight for hire.

Bottom line: A DOT number is about compliance, while an MC number is about authority.

When You Need One vs. Both

Still confused about which numbers you’ll need and when? Here’s a breakdown. 

• ONLY A DOT NUMBER:

1. Intrastate carriers (some states may require seperate authority)
2. Private fleets hauling their own goods.
3. Certain exempt commodities (e.g, produce, livestock).

• BOTH A DOT AND MC NUMBER:
  

1. For-hire trucking companies moving general freight between states.
2. Owner-operators leased onto a company but later starting their own authority.

How to Apply for a DOT or MC Number

Now that you know what number(s) you need, let’s look into how you’re going to go about it. 

Step-by-Step FMCSA Application Guide

• Set up a USDOT account through the FMCSA website.
• Complete the Motor Carrier Identification Report (MCS-150) to apply for your DOT number.
• Select your operating authority type when applying for an MC number.
• File your BOC-3 (process agent designation).
• Get the required insurance policies (minimum coverage depends on freight type).
• Wait for the FMCSA to process your application (typically a few weeks).

Fees and Processing Times

Standard application fees are as follows:

• DOT Number: Free
• MC Number: $300
• Reinstating Authority: Additional fees apply

Processing timeline:

• DOT Number: Immediate issuance (wait time is usually no more than an hour)
• MC Number: Approx. 20-25 business days

Ultimately, choosing between an MC number vs. DOT number depends entirely on how your trucking company operates. Choose Authority Express for Complete Trucking Authority Packages to help sort out your trucking authority requirements and get you on the road, fast. All our packages include assisting you with both your DOT and MC numbers for maximum convenience. Contact us today to get started applying for trucking authority.